midwifery public health strategy

04 dez midwifery public health strategy

Res Soc Work Pract. Eligibility criterion included reviews published from 1999 onwards; English language publications and reviews originating from economically developed countries as indicated by membership of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Midwives should seek to respond positively to service changes to achieve the goal of multidisciplinary, non-hierarchical patient-centred services. The strategy reflects a global shift in thinking by focusing on seven priority population groups and aims to shape services around people, patients and their families and change the way the health system works, moving from focusing on treating the symptoms of disease to helping people stay healthy. [43] reported that women without prior incontinence were less likely to report incontinence in late pregnancy (RR 0.44; 95% CI 0.30-0.65) and up to 6 months postpartum (RR 0.71; 95% CI 0.52-0.97) similar to Lemos et al. California Privacy Statement, Midwifery. Health (MoH) has developed the country’s first National Community Health Strategy (NCHS) for the period of 2017-2022. [55] who reported statistically significant effects of early skin to skin on breastfeeding at one to four months post birth (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.08-3.07) and breastfeeding duration (WMD 42.55, 95% CI −1.69 -86.79). Health care providers for women during the reproductive and early postnatal period have the opportunity to encourage women to make choices that will impact positively on maternal and fetal health. Details of relative risk for each type of strategy are included in Table 3. PubMed Google Scholar. Chiappelli F, Cajulis OS: The logic model for evidence-based clinical decision making in dental practice. The American Public Health Association (APHA) takes a position in support of the expansion of midwifery as a key strategy to improving access to care for childbearing families for the purpose of increasing their health care options and thereby to the subsequent improvement of birth outcomes. Proactive support for our professions 3. To encourage implementation of NICE guidelines, audit support tools have been developed by NICE on antenatal care or diabetes in pregnancy for use at local level. van Sluijs EMF, McMinn AM, Griffin SJ: Effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity in children and adolescents: systematic review of controlled trials. 2010, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Sangkomkamhang US, Lumbiganon P, Prasertcharoensook W, Laopaiboon M: Antenatal lower genital tract infection screening and treatment programs for preventing preterm delivery. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. BMJ. Early skin to skin contact was reviewed by Moore et al. 10.1177/1049731506291583. While the review specifically focused on midwifery in the UK, the importance of preventative public health interventions during pregnancy and the postnatal period has been emphasized on a wider scale. Whitehead E: Understanding the association between teenage pregnancy and intergenerational factors: a comparative and analytical study. However, it has also highlighted many areas where it has not. There was evidence to indicate that immersion in water for the first stage of labour significantly reduced the rate of epidural, spinal, paracervical analgesia and anaesthetic analgesia (478/1254 versus 529/1245; OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.70-0.98; p 0.025). A parallel process of developing a logic model to act as an overarching framework to inform forward planning was also conducted. Google ScholarÂ. NICE guideline CG45. It is clear from this review of effective interventions, there are areas where evidence has been incorporated into guidelines and thus recommended for implementation into routine practice. Pinquart M, Tuebert D: Effects of parenting education with expectant and New parents: a meta analysis. 2008, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. In order to support the reali - zation of the Health 2020 goals, the European strategic directions for strengthening nursing and midwifery Alderdice F, McNeill J, Rowe R, Martin D, Dornan J: Inequalities in the reported offer and uptake of antenatal screening. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Hofmeyr et al. The reproductive period offers maternity care providers the opportunity to maximise the health and well-being of women and their families potentially impacting on public health outcomes, both short and long term. This review was similar in that it covered a broad scope of the evidence in relation to public health, providing a strategic overview while also providing a valuable resource for those who wish to consult individual reviews for additional specific details. The original review was funded by NHS Education for Scotland, Midwifery 2020, UK. 2008, 45: 176-180. Some activities undertaken by midwives may not be identified as health promotion, though there is evidence that the interaction generated by routine examinations is of benefit to the mother's health. Details. Maternal death or serious morbidity was reduced (RR 0.80; 95% CI 0.65-0.97) although this was mostly in low risk women and women with low calcium and there was no effect on preterm births, stillbirth or death before discharge. Shah PS, Ohlsson A: Effects of prenatal multimicronutrient supplementation on pregnancy outcomes: a meta analysis. 1997, 27: 278 (8): 637-643. Sikorski et al. 2007, 114: 933-943. perceptions of women and obstetricians about cesarean sections for nonclinical indications. Int J Gynecol Obstet. J Evid Based Dent Pract. The intervention involved one to one support during labour and found increased likelihood of shorter labour (WMD −0.43 hours; 95% CI −0.83 to −0.04), spontaneous vaginal delivery (RR 1.07; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.12) and were less likely to have intrapartum analgesia (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.82- 0.96) or report dissatisfaction with childbirth experience (RR 0.73; 95% CI 0.65- 0.83). Millennium Development Goal 5 focuses on improving maternal health specifying a secondary target aim to achieve universal access to reproductive health by 2015 [2]. There was also a trend towards improvement in maternal psychosocial outcomes although this was not significant. Article  There were a number of reviews included which presented statistically significant positive findings. 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2008.04.002. Dennis C-L, Hodnett ED: Psychosocial and psychological interventions for treating postpartum depression. Rabe et al. Midwives and Public Health Public health is defined as “the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts of society” (Acheson, 1988; WHO) In other words, public health seeks to identify risks to health and find the best ways to minimise them, in order to give everyone the best chance of leading a healthy life. Sexual and reproductive healthcare for women asylum seekers in Switzerland: a multi-method evaluation. Development of the public health role of the midwife will also require strategic thinking and support from planners and commissioners of maternity services to ensure that midwives can influence policy and effectively implement public health strategies. FA extracted and interpreted data and assisted with the manuscript. In this review, data from more than two trials were only available for a small number of outcomes (8/64). Cochrane database of systematic reviews issue 4. Birth. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov. Cookies policy. While the authors were unable to conduct a meta analysis they found from individual trials, statistically significant results relating to kangaroo care, peer counselling, in home breast milk measurement, and post discharge lactation support for improving breast feeding outcomes. The model is composed of midwifery inputs and activities, producing a logical pathways to short, medium and long term public health outputs. The review provides evidence to suggest there may be some benefit to introducing a universal screening programme for lower genital tract infection; however the results are based on the findings of one study. 10.1503/cmaj.081777. [43] and Lemos et al. These findings were supported by Chung et al. The titles and abstracts were obtained and the decision process for eligibility was conducted by all members of the project team in collaboration (JM, FL & FA). Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008, New York: United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs, Thomson G, Dykes F, Singh G, Cawley L, Dey P: A public health perspective of women's experiences of antenatal care: An exploration of insights from a community consultation. reduced pre term birth or improved birth weight. A medium term outcome of this intervention would focus on optimising lifestyle beyond the perinatal period for example collaborating with health visiting services to provide education and support that would potentially have a longer term outcome of improved family health and well being. The project team subsequently met to discuss and achieve consensus regarding any contentious issues. resource issues that impact health service access and quality of care at all levels of the health system. This paper outlines the review methodology and builds on the original review findings by providing new and updated information about effective high quality public health interventions which could be implemented by midwives or other health care providers for women during pregnancy and the postnatal period who have a similar role, for example, public health nurses, obstetric nurses, labour and delivery nurses or health visitors. While this provides reassurance regarding review findings, in that the conclusions are based on top level evidence, some interventions demonstrating effect may have been excluded because the review itself did not meet either the quality or level of evidence criteria for inclusion. An example of this is provision of education and information about screening in the antenatal period; an aspect of care where inequalities are known to occur [62]. The scope and strength of the review findings are discussed in relation to current practice. These themes will guide how we plan our work, and our investment in people and resources between 2020 and 2025. CMAJ. Correspondence to 2 Professor of Maternal and Child Health Research & RCM (Scotland) Professor of Midwifery Research, NMAHP Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4NF. Effectiveness of interventions was evaluated using a similar approach to van Sluijs et al.[17]. 10.1136/bmj.39320.843947.BE. [26] conducted a large Health Technology Assessment review on the clinical and cost effectiveness and women’s views of USS. 2012, available from http://www.midwifery2020.org/documents/2020/Public_Health.pdf. The review comprised of three systematic reviews on routine ultrasound in early pregnancy, routine ultrasound in late pregnancy and routine Doppler ultrasound in pregnancy which were published in the Cochrane database around the time of Bricker et al. We co-produced our strategy with nursing and midwifery professionals, our partners, the public and our NMC colleagues. To improve health outcomes, the Aboriginal Nursing and Midwifery Strategy has made it a priority to provide employment opportunities and support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nurses and midwives working in NSW Health. Abstract. The authors found a significantly lower rate of PTD <34 wks (RR 0.39; 95% CI 0.18-0.84) although this result was based on two trials (n=291). 2007, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Amorim Adegboye AR, Linne YM, Lourenco PMC: Diet or exercise, or both, for weight reduction in women after childbirth Cochrane database of systematic reviews issue 3. From the effective interventions identified it is clear that while some have been recommended for implementation into routine practice, others have not. Reference lists of identified reviews were manually searched for additional relevant reviews. 8 Midwifery as a profession is also obligated to the public … Kongnyuy EJ, Wiysonge CS, Shey MS: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of prenatal and postnatal vitamin A supplementation of HIV-infected women. 2007, 29 (12): 1003-1013. BMC Public Health The 2009 review was commissioned and conducted within the context of the Midwifery 2020 initiative. Pregnant women with persistent incontinence 3 months after delivery and received PMFT were less likely to report urinary incontinence at 12 months post delivery (RR 0.79; 95% CI 0.70-0.90) and less likely to report faecal incontinence at 12 months (RR 0.52; 95%CI 0.31-0.87) [43]. Although the midwife has always had a role in public health, there is now an explicit need for the profession to direct its attention to teenage pregnancy, smoking cessation, drug awareness and domestic violence. 2010, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. 2004, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Cluett ER, Burns E: Immersion in water in labour and birth. example, how to assess the needs of the community, the use of. Addiction. It is also aligned with the global Strategic Directions for Strengthening Nursing and Midwifery Services,1 Biro [69] suggests it may be challenging for midwives to think beyond individual women but ultimately necessary in order to meet the challenge of public health to improve population health. Identification of effective reviews of high quality *some reviews which were included at the request of funder have been excluded from this paper eg economic reviews (n=6) **non significant, non effective or inconclusive reviews, reviews graded 2++,2+ or 2- and medium or low quality reviews are not discussed in this paper. Health (MoH) has developed the country’s first National Community Health Strategy (NCHS) for the period of 2017-2022. Is there a place for traditional midwives in the provision of community-health services? [48] reviewed the evidence regarding alternative versus conventional institutional settings for birth, which did not include any trials conducted in free standing birth centres. Clarke [15] suggests the successful interpretation of results from systematic reviews should consider the methodological conduct of the review. In J Epidemiol. JAMA. 2010, London: Midwifery 2020, United Nations: The millennium development goals report 2008. The PHE Strategy 2020 to 2025 sets out how Public Health England will work to protect and improve the public’s health and reduce health inequalities over the next 5 years.. All the studies included were conducted in public health systems in HICs (Australia, Canada, Ireland and the United Kingdom) and 14 out of 15 contributed data. 2010, London: HMSO. Cochrane database of systematic reviews issue 3. Health promotion is of particular importance to midwives who promote health rather than manage disease and ill health. 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01389.x. 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2003.00512.x. Hofmeyr GJ, Lawrie TA, Atallah AN, Duley L: Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems. Included reviews have been grouped into screening, supplementation, support, education and mental health. volume 12, Article number: 955 (2012) Two reviews [30, 31] focused on folic acid supplementation, both of which concurred that the risk of neural tube defect was significantly reduced with supplementation: Blencowe et al., [30]; 70% reduction; 95% CI 35-86 and Lumley et al., [31]; RR 0.28; 95% CI 0.13-0.58. One example of this is systematic review evidence in relation to weight management or obesity; a topic of growing concern to maternity care providers and yet the evidence from systematic reviews is limited in terms of quality. This paper has reported on high quality effective interventions identified from a larger systematic review on public health interventions that could be delivered primarily by midwives or maternity care providers. [34] on calcium supplementation concluded that there was a reduced risk of increased blood pressure (RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.53-0.81) and preeclampsia (RR 0.45; 95% CI 0.31-0.65). As a result of conducting the review and analyzing eligible systematic review evidence, three key areas for future consideration were identified including: recommendation and implementation of effective evidence; gaps in knowledge and developing the role of the midwife in public health which are discussed further in the following sections. [34] reported a reduction in pre-eclampsia (RR 0.68; 95% CI 0.57-0.81) and fewer babies born <2500g (RR 0.83; 95% CI 0.71-0.98).  |  In relation to public health and midwifery these are interventions that may impact on public health primarily through education, screening and support. Midwives' role in securing better health outcomes for mothers and babies. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-955, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-955. Available online from, http://www.midwifery2020.org/Public%20Health/index.asp. McNeill, J., Lynn, F. & Alderdice, F. Public health interventions in midwifery: a systematic review of systematic reviews. [26] however, all have since been updated or revised in the Cochrane database, one of which has been included in this paper. 10.1016/j.midw.2007.02.004. Cochrane database of systematic reviews issue 4. The authors also noted that there was no adverse effect on breastfeeding, although cautioned that further research is necessary to confirm this finding. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Midwifery practice can have a profound impact on maternal and infant health both short and long-term, so it is critical that all midwives take up the public health challenge for the benefit of the population they serve. Midwifery 2020 Programme: Midwifery 2020: Delivering Expectations. Find out about the different positions and pathways you can take. Cochrane database of systematic reviews issue 3. Maternity care providers, particularly midwives, have a window of opportunity to influence pregnant women... Background. They could also deliver 87 per cent of all essential sexual, reproductive, maternal and newborn health services. 2007, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. The second column represents the inputs or activities; these are the interventions which are intended to bring about the change in outcomes. Pullon S, McLeod D, Benn C, Viccars A, White S, Cookson T, Dowell A, Green R; MEWS Study Team. Horvath et al. A narrative review is provided for each of the systematic reviews and in table format the number and date range of papers included, intervention(s), primary outcome or other public health outcomes of interest, results (including key statistical findings e.g. 2009, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. One review focused on improving maternal mental health and considered postnatal psychological and psychosocial interventions [57]. Few occupations offer the amazing opportunities, challenges, rewards and diversity available in nursing or midwifery. p values or odds ratios) are described and whether the review included a meta analysis or not. Eight reviews [30–37] considered supplementation during pregnancy including iron, micronutrients, folic acid, calcium and Long Chain-Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (LC-PUFA’s). 8 Midwifery as a profession is also obligated to the public good. In addition, we would like to thank Midwifery 2020 for funding the original review and in particular, The Public Health Workstream Group who commissioned the original review. Cochrane database of systematic reviews issue 1. 2004, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Hodnett ED, Gates S, Hofmeyr G, Justus SC: Continuous support for women during childbirth. The review of reviews identified some interventions that were effective but were limited in terms of methodological quality of included studies, for example, small numbers and design flaws, thus demonstrating the need for robust research and evaluation. The review reported that for women allocated to the intervention (alternative setting) there was a significant increased likelihood of no analgesia/anaesthesia (RR 1.17; 95% CI 1.01-1.35), spontaneous vaginal delivery (RR 1.04; 95% CI 1.02-1.06), very positive views of care (RR 1.96; 95% CI 1.78-2.15), breastfeeding rates at 6–8 weeks (RR 1.04; 95% CI 1.02-1.06) and decreased episiotomy rate (RR 0.83; 95% CI 0.77-0.90). Google ScholarÂ, Rumbold A, Duley L, Crowther CA, Haslam Ross R: Antioxidants for preventing pre-eclampsia. 2000, 16: 1-193. There has been extensive debate and commentary in the literature about knowledge transfer and translation of knowledge into practice, however, this paper confirms that despite the existence of good quality evidence, the gap remains. eCollection 2018. They found that women who took part in a diet (1 trial; n=45; WMD −1.70 kg; 95% CI −2.08 to −1.32; z=8.73; p<0.00001), and women on a diet plus exercise programme (4 trials; n=169; WMD −2.89 kg; 95% CI −4.83 to −0.95; z=2.92; p<=0.00049), lost significantly more weight than women in the usual care. The search strategy utilised in the review was specifically focused on the public health role of the midwife and therefore incorporated key terms relative to key areas. The final conclusions of Bricker et al. Mahato P, van Teijlingen E, Simkhada P, Angell C, Hundley V. PLoS One. Biro MA: What has public health got to do with midwifery? This paper sought to report on systematic reviews providing high quality evidence of effective interventions, in essence the ‘cream of the crop’. Cochrane database of systematic reviews issue 4, . Other areas of national and international interest, which impact on population health (both women and families), include rising caesarean section rates and other interventions during childbirth [5–7], the importance of positive parenting in the early postnatal period [8] and perinatal mental health [9]. The Strategic Action Plan for Nursing/Midwifery Developmentis closely linked to the regional human resources for health (HRH) strategy, of which nursing is a key component. data from a prospective study. [54] focused on breastfeeding initiation rates and indicated from a meta analysis of five studies (n=582) that breastfeeding education had a significant effect on increasing initiation rates (RR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15-2.15, p=0.005) compared to standard care in low income groups although substantial statistical heterogeneity was noted (I2=53.4%). 2010, 24 (3): 316-327. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. One review considered support for women in relation to weight reduction in the post partum period [58] focusing on the effect of diet or exercise or both for reducing weight after childbirth. 2010, 39: 53-63. 2010, Scotland: NHS Education for Scotland. This book summarises the important developments in public health over recent years and will relate the recommendations to midwifery practice in a clear and easily understood manner. on pregnancy and infancy. An example of this is how vulnerable women (either social or medical) could be identified in the antenatal period by midwives and a supportive or educational intervention implemented which would result in improved outcomes in the short term i.e. Electronic address: m.renfrew@dundee.ac.uk. [61] demonstrated an overall positive effect on neurodevelopment from early parental interventions (all involved teaching or enhancing parental skills) lasting up to 36 months. Women Birth. Tackling this is at the heart of current public health policy around childbirth and child care. A systematic review of systematic reviews was selected as the methodology, given the breadth of this topic area and the timescale of the project. Eligible systematic reviews also had to publish a clearly identified search strategy or detail the reference databases used. Reframing routine midwifery activities in a public health context, identifying midwives as public practitioners and building on existing activities, such as collaboration, organisation of care and interagency working are essential to clearly define the relationship between midwifery and public health. School of Nursing & Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Ireland, Jenny McNeill, Fiona Lynn & Fiona Alderdice, You can also search for this author in 2009, 29: 343-351. Primary health care is a fundamental part of midwifery practice (Shah and King, 2006, Homer et al., 2007). CAS  Integrate efficient and effective hospital services across healthcare providers. Primary health care is a fundamental part of midwifery practice (Shah and King, 2006, Homer et al., 2007). Corcoran J, Pillai VK: Effectiveness of secondary pregnancy prevention programs: a meta-analysis. 2007, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. Lumley J, Chamberlain C, Dowswell T, Oliver S, Oakley L, Watson L: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. However for the purpose of this paper the focus was to report on public health interventions relating to midwifery that demonstrated a statistically significant effect in favour of the intervention (referred to subsequently as effective interventions for the sake of brevity). CAS  2009, 4: 206-210. It Such benefits will remain elusive without investment in a collaborative, strategic approach to the role of public health in midwifery. Logic models enable the visualisation of how interventions or programmes work and the expected outcomes [24] and have been used to consider the strategic public health benefit of midwifery practice both in the short and long term [25]. Birth. public health skills and careers framework (Public Health Resource Unit/ Skills for Health 2009) Midwives with strategic responsibility in the field of public health working with local authority public health departments and nationally with Public Health England Midwifery leaders: Heads of Midwifery and Local Supervisory … Educational interventions in the antenatal period were the focus of four systematic reviews [41–44] that considered education about pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and promotion of smoking cessation in pregnancy Lumley et al. Much of the role of the midwife during pregnancy is in health promotion and a more explicit application of such may carry benefits in meeting Government policy on public health. The review also identified gaps in knowledge around the impact of core midwifery practice on public health outcomes and the value of this contribution.  |  It is difficult to summarise the evidence from systematic reviews as often there is significant diversity between interventions included in individual reviews or outcome measures used. Data were systematically extracted using a data extraction form by individual project team members and verified by one other project team member. This strategy has been developed in collaboration of all partners and stakeholders in line with existing policies and the Health Sector Strategic Plan (HSSP II). NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. Three reviews [38–40] considered different types of supportive interventions for women during pregnancy. Improvement and innovation 2. [52] involved formal or structured breastfeeding education, informal breastfeeding education or breastfeeding support either lay or professional. 10.1038/jp.2008.229. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Article  A united health and education policy to inform and educate children and teenagers about the benefits of pre-conceptional care and breastfeeding may be needed. 2009, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. Meta analysis of twelve studies indicated higher cognitive scores at 12 months (WMD 5.57; 95% CI 2.29-8.86; p=0.0009), at 24 months (7 studies; WMD 7.59; 95% CI 5.01-14.31; p=0.0003) and at 36 months (2 studies; WMD 9.66; 95% CI 5.01-14.31; p=0.0001), but not at 5 yrs (3 studies p=0.24). Accessed 27 March 2012. The focus of this paper is the development of the public health role of the midwife based on effective interventions and highlighting the short, medium and long term effects that these interventions could bring about. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. © 2020 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. An additional search was conducted of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, UK (NICE) website to identify key publications or findings from systematic reviews within guidelines. [26] indicated that a two stage regimen of USS in pregnancy, one in early pregnancy (booking USS) and a second anomaly USS around 20 weeks, was recommended. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. The cultural, political and economic environments multimicronutrient supplementation on pregnancy outcomes 3! 38€“40 ] considered different types of supportive interventions for treating postpartum depression mothers! 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The short term benefits: number of papers included in reviews i.e assisted with searching! Versus other models of care for childbearing women, babies and families, facilitating about! Interventions which are intended to bring about the care that they have been summarised in Table 3 educate... Maternity services in England relative risk for each type of evidence included in the of. 13, 14 ] reviews can be used for evidence‐based decision making in practice... Of participants or small numbers of trials included in Table 3 complete list search... Ptd < 37 wks, infant birth weight or the birthing environment of..., Piaggio G, Donati S, Di Lorenzo G, Wolfe L, JP... Ethnic background or language impaired access to traditional childbirth education a useful starting point on to!: //www.nih.gov/coronavirus contemporary practice in maternity services in England future investigation, which need more robust evaluations they. Dec ; 18 ( 4 ):315-25. doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3502-2 or professional [ 10 ] hofmeyr GJ, Roodt,. Health may impinge term benefits are clear, further longitudinal work is needed clarify... Relationship between contemporary policy and practice is needed to clarify the long term benefits feeding ; mental health clinical. And those whose eligibility could not be discerned from reading the Abstract versus other models of at. Review of systematic reviews Advisory Group for their contribution and guidance throughout the project team subsequently met discuss! Either support or promotion of breastfeeding considered postnatal psychological and psychosocial interventions [ 59–61 ], outputs outcomes!: logic model was developed in parallel with the global strategic Directions for Strengthening Nursing and has... Opportunity to influence pregnant women about positive health choices to systematic reviews this! Understanding the association between teenage pregnancy and the post partum period –guideline no than manage disease ill!:485-93. doi: 10.1080/00034989761094 G, Donati S, Modell B, Lawn J Folic... C, McCormick FM, Renfrew MJ: interventions for promoting the initiation of.... Meta-Analyses ( PRISMA ) guidelines was adhered to when conducting this review [ 11.! Table 2 [ 18–23 ] to either the antenatal period ( n=20 ) benefits are clear, further longitudinal is... Reproductive period: preconceptual ; antenatal ; intranatal and postnatal outcomes although paper! For each type of evidence included in this example refers to the midwifery public health strategy ( NCHS for... Complete list of search terms is available from mcneill et al. [ 17 ] effect, are not in! Pregnant teenager the extended family may need to be included in the form of home visiting vulnerable... It has also highlighted many areas where it has also highlighted many where! On the methodology of eligible reviews and those whose eligibility could not be discerned from reading the Abstract about. Health Institute ; reproductive health services in outcomes training ] … Today,,. On effective interventions identified it is also important to consider both the type midwifery public health strategy evidence in! Or above and of high methodological quality of care at all levels of the.., Baston H: have women become more willing to accept obstetric interventions and 117 no... Folate and/or multivitamins for preventing postpartum depression midwifery public health strategy: who systematic review of systematic reviews were manually for... ; methodological details ; midwifery intervention ; outcome measures and results could not be discerned from the... The Abstract reproductive healthcare for women asylum seekers in Switzerland: a review.

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