icerya purchasi maskell

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Causton CE, 2003. The cottony cushion scale. In: Van Driesche RG, ed. The cottony cushion scale was described by Maskell (1878) from specimens sent to him by Dr. Purchas from Auckland, New Zealand. Icerya purchasi Maskell, cottony cushion scale (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), causing damage to ornamental plants growing outdoors in London. Roque-Albelo L, 2003. Specimen record from the collection in the Natural History Museum (London, UK)., London, UK: Natural History Museum (London). New record of Icerya purchasi in one year old seedlings of Albizia procera (Roxb.) Body red, legs and antennae black, covered by layer of white to cream colored wax, median area sometimes with lemon yellow wax, marginal areas with fringe of wax processes all about same length; margin of body with long crystalline rods. Icerya purchasi Maskell, cottony cushion scale (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), causing damage to ornamental plants growing outdoors in London. NHM, 1970. Iceryine scale insects recorded from the Orient. Hua FM; Ni LC; Jin MX, 1999. The scale insects of the tropical South Pacific region. Icerya purchasi Maskell, 1878: Icerya purchasi (common name: cottony cushion scale) is a scale insect that feeds on more than 50 families of woody plants, most notably on Citrus and Pittosporum. Specimen record from the collection in the Natural History Museum (London, UK)., London, UK: Natural History Museum (London). EPPO Global database. Pesticide effectiveness test of several insecticides to control Icerya purchasi endangering Liquidambar formosana. Peck S B, Heraty J, Landry B, Sinclair B J, 1998. Verma S K, Gireesh Chand, Pankaj Kumar, 2012. The cardinal ladybird is an important predator of the Cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchase Maskell, 1879 (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae), which if uncontrolled is a serious pest of citrus trees. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 4(1):29-32. ), 21(4):175-178. 4 (1), 29-32. Biota Neotropica. The host was kangaroo acacia and the insect was named for Dr. Purchas. 130 (5), 583-584. British Journal of Entomology and Natural History, 17(2):103-104. 52 (3), 217-219. http://www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/187985.pdf, Malumphy C, 2013. Cottony cushion scale infestation on acacia trees. Male has wings, but is rarely seen. Abd-Rabou S; Amin AH, 2004. 11 (2), 105-110. 21. Howell JO; Beshear RJ, 1981. New control methods used first in California and later the rest of United States led to the implementation of biological control and legislative quarantine (Ebeling 1959). This scale is apparently native to Australia and made its way to California on acacia plants around 1868 or 1869 and in about ten years was causing … Careful management is necessary when using pesticides against other pests if biological control of I. purchasi is in operation, because damage to the populations of biocontrol agent can cause an outbreak of I. purchasi, as recorded in South Africa by Hattingh and Tate (1995). Guidebook to scale insects of Taiwan. Wind dispersal of the coccid Icerya seychellarum (Margarodidae: Homoptera) on Aldabra Atoll. Gertsson CA (2015) """Coccoidea Sverige Kollad av C_A G.xlsx"" sent to Johan Liljeblad via e … At that time only one other species was known in the genus Icerya(Maskell 1878). Online Database Icerya purchasi Maskell, 1878 Summary: An online database that provides taxonomic information, common names, synonyms and geographical jurisdiction of a species. Canberra, Australia: ACIAR. Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds, Chapman and Hall, London.

A classification of the higher groups and genera of the coccid family. Colonization trials with Cryptochetum iceryae and Rodolia iceryae for improved biological control of Icerya purchasi in Israel. (2003). One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. Wang DaoXun; Lou Zhi; Li Ping; Gao ZhiHua, 2002. British Journal of Entomology and Natural History, 17(2):105-109. Part 3: the soft scales (Coccidae) and other families. 21:123 pp. http://www.eppo.int/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm, Fan MZ; Guo C; Xiao HL; Hu Y, 1988. 176 pp. DOI:10.1603/022.038.0210, Rubiales D, Fernández-Aparicio M, 2009. Israel Journal of Entomology, 29:261-264. I. purchasi belongs to the scale insect family Monophlebidae, the giant scales. Insects of Micronesia, Homoptera: Coccoidea. Greathead (1986) reported the successful introduction of two Cryptochaetidae of Australian origin into California and Mauritius to control Icerya purchasi Maskell and Icerya seychellarum (Westwood), respectively; however, these introductions were later neglected due to the superior performance and ease of handling of Rodolia cardinalis Mulsant. Annual Review of Entomology, 34:1-16. Evaluation of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen (Tiger) as a control agent for the California red scale and the cottony-cushion scale. Indian Forester, 138(2):200. http://www.indianforester.org. When I. purchasi established in California, USA in 1868/1869, it was apparent that it could be a major impediment to citrus production. Une surprenante infestation de la cochenille australienne Icerya purchasi Maskell en plein Paris [Hemiptera, Margarodidae]. Entomological Research. Seasonal incidence of mealybug species on mandarin orange in Darjeeling, West Bengal. Valid Names Results Icerya purchasi Maskell, 1879 (Monophlebidae: Icerya) Nomenclatural History . Kollár J, Bakay L, Pástor M, 2016. Peleg BA, 1989. The host was kangaroo acacia and the insect was named for Dr. Purchas. The egg sac contains about 1000 red eggs (Gossard 1901). Agricultural Handbook. Specimen record from the collection in the Natural History Museum (London, UK)., London, UK: Natural History Museum (London). Schönfeld U, 2015. The cottony cushion scale was described by Maskell (1878) from specimens sent to him by Dr. Purchas from Auckland, New Zealand. Its cottony egg sac and profuse honeydew production make cottony cushion scale easy to spot in the landscape. Various nymphal stages of the cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi Maskell. It is interesting that the female is always a hermaphrodite with both testes and ovaries. The genus Icerya has been poorly studied and it is possible that there are other species similar to I. purchasi living in the same geographical areas. Coccoidea species in Brandenburg. In: The scale insects of the tropical South Pacific region. (no longer available online). Hill MG, 1980. Seasonal incidence of mealybug species on mandarin orange in Darjeeling, West Bengal. Indian Forester. Specimen record from the collection in the Natural History Museum (London, UK)., London, UK: Natural History Museum (London). Population decline of Galapagos endemic Lepidoptera on Volcan Alcedo (Isabela Island, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador): an effect of the introduction of the cottony cushion scale? Part 2. Williams D J, Watson G W, 1990. Gill RJ, 1993. Insecticidal soap, made from potassium salt of fatty acids, and neem oil products work in controlling scale.. How? Kollár J; Bakay L; Pástor M, 2016. Les cochemilles de Corse (Hemiptera, Coccoidea). Effects of Oikos (a. i. Azadirachtin A) on the vedalia ladybeetle Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Getu E, 1996. As the egg sac is formed the scale’s abdomen becomes more and more tilted until the scale appears to be standing on its head. 19 (6), 46-47, 50. Konar A, 1998. 67 (10), 337-341. http://www.journal-kulturpflanzen.de. In: Vogt H, Vinuela E, eds. Sometimes covered with white secretion. Guidebook to scale insects of Taiwan. (Les cochemilles de Corse (Hemiptera, Coccoidea)). At that time only one other species was known in the genus Icerya (Maskell 1878). Culik MP; Martins Ddos S; Ventura JA; Peronti ALBG; Gullan PJ; Kondo T, 2007. Gokkes M; Eshel G; Tadmor U, 1989. Canberra, Australia: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, 141 pp. Effects of field-weathered residues of insect growth regulators on some Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of economic importance as biocontrol agents. First record of the cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi (Hemiptera, Monophlebidae) in Slovakia - short communication. 44 (4), 218-236. NHM, 1964. Introduced insect fauna of an oceanic archipelago: the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Clausen CP, 1978. Bioecological and population studies of the cottony-cushion scale, Icerya purchasi Mask. Gill RJ, 1993. Ended: Sep 20, 2020. Part 2. It was first observed in South Africa at Cape Town in 1873. APPPC, 1987. 2014 Florida Citrus Pest Management Guide: Soft-Bodied Insects Attacking Foliage and Fruit. Scientific Name: Icerya purchasi Maskell (top), Dactylopius sp. Chemical Control Hua FengMing, Ni LiangCai, Jin MinXin, 1999. Ben-Dov Y, 1995. The cottony cushion scale can severely damage trees, resets, and nursery stock. Ants attending I. purchasi infestations to collect the sugary honeydew excreted (Getu, 1996), may defend the scales from attack by their natural enemies, so making the pest problem worse. Exotic scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) causing severe damage to ornamental pittosporum in London. Coccidae, Pseudococcidae, Ortheziidae, and Monophlebidae(Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Espírito Santo, Brazil. High density I. purchasi populations can be particularly damaging to native plants with restricted ranges. Malumphy C, 2013. In: Clausen CP, ed. The mature females (actually hermaphrodites) have bright orange-red, yellow, or brown bodies (Ebeling 1959). Fan M Z, Guo C, Xiao H L, Hu Y, 1988. This scale is apparently native to Australia and made its way to California on acacia plants around 1868 or 1869 and in about ten years was causing damage to citrus groves in southern California (Ebeling 1959). NHM, 1972. Cocciniglie. The cottony cushion scale can be distinguished easily from other scale insects in Florida. 436 p. Gossard HA. Figure 5.

Cottony cushion scale, a soft scale (Icerya purchasi). Mendel Z; Blumberg D, 1991. Rao VP, 1951. 138 (2), 200. http://www.indianforester.org. Morrison H. 1928. 1901. 480. 38 (2), 380-386. In: Technical Series in Agricultural Biosystematics and Plant Pathology, Sacramento, California, USA: California Department of Food and Agriculture. Hermaphroditism is extremely rare in the insect world despite the comparatively common nature of this condition in the crustaceans. Jacas Miret JA; Garcia Mari F, 2001. Taxonomic placing: Insecta, Hemimetabola, Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha, Coccoidea, Monophlebidae.. Common name: Cottony-cushion scale, fluted scale.. Geographical distribution: This pest occurs wherever citrus is grown. Due to the variable regulations around (de)registration of pesticides, your national list of registered pesticides or relevant authority should be consulted to determine which products are legally allowed for use in your country when considering chemical control. Part 3: the soft scales (Coccidae) and other families. They are winged with a dark red body and dark colored antennae. Good control was achieved when applied alone or with 0.5% mineral oil (Peleg, 1989). http://www.unict.it/dipartimenti/biologia_animale/webnatur/insetti/omotteri/coccoidea.htm. Watson GW; Ooi PAC; Girling DJ, 1995. NHM, 1979. N.C. State Univ. Ensuring compatibility of biological control of Icerya purchasi Maskell with conservation in Galápagos: development of a procedure to evaluate risk. Fauna of New Zealand, No. Morales CF, 1991. Journal für Kulturpflanzen. Wong CY; Chen SP; Chou LH, 1999. Cottony cushion scale is most frequently collected on Citrus and Pittosporum in Florida. Hattingh V; Tate B, 1995. Apparently interpreting this as a request for the ladybug, the California party sent a shipment of these ladybugs and included some cottony cushion scales as food for the ladybugs. Horticultural Journal, 11(2):105-110. Insects of Micronesia, 6:377-562. Added damage can result from the accumulation of sooty mold due to the honeydew excreted by the scale. Icerya purchasi Maskell, 1879. kingdom Animalia - animals » phylum Arthropoda - arthropods » class Insecta - insects » order Hemiptera - bugs » family Monophlebidae » genus Icerya Scientific synonyms. Taichung, Taiwan: Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng, 1-176. http://www.unict.it/dipartimenti/biologia_animale/webnatur/insetti/omotteri/coccoidea.htm, Schönfeld U, 2015. Survey and level of infestation of scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) existing in Libya, with new records of their host plants. The brownish adult (3 mm long) produces a white ridged cottony egg sack that is attached to her rear (6 mm long). Getu E, 1996. /. The nursery owners, who either did not see the scales or assumed they would be of no consequence, left the packing container near a citrus tree which eventually became infested. Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant), the Vedalia ladybird (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feeding on Icerya purchasi Maskell, cottony cushion scale (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) in London gardens. Specimen record from the collection in the Natural History Museum (London, UK)., London, UK: Natural History Museum (London). Peck SB; Heraty J; Landry B; Sinclair BJ, 1998. At that time only one other species was known in the genus Icerya (Maskell 1878). Ascot, UK: International Institute of Biological Control (IIBC). Meshram PB; Vijayaraghavan A, 2004. Wallingford, UK: CABI, Culik M P, Martins D dos S, Ventura J A, Peronti A L B G, Gullan P J, Kondo T, 2007. 26 (2), 89-90. http://www.benhs.org.uk. IAR Newsletter of Agricultural Research, 11(2):11. IOBC-WPRS Working Group for Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms. Ascot, UK: International Institute of Biological Control. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Bennett FD; Alam MM, 1985. Alon Hanotea, 43(6):681-686. (Cocciden-arten in Brandenburg.). The body is partially or entirely covered with yellowish or white wax. The insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen has been found to be as effective in controlling I. purchasi (Gokkes et al., 1989). 1878, p. 221), and whatever diversity may exist as regards its popular name, it is now known to science as Icerya Purchasi, Maskell. This is the primary dispersal stage. Icerya purchasi (Maskell, 1878) Cottony cushion scale. Watson GW; Malumphy CP, 2004. Matile-Ferrero D, Legrand J, Riffet X, 1999. Bene Gdel; Gargani E; Russo R, 2007. . Icerya purchasi (aka el pulgon) is a cosmopolitan plant pest that is native to Australia and possibly New Zealand and is a known pest on over 200 different plant species. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin. Caltagirone LE; Doutt RL, 1989. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology. Field trials for the control of chaff scale and Florida wax scale in citrus orchards with Tiger (pyriproxifen). The regulation of I. purchasi by natural enemies is one of the classic success stories in biological control. Rao V P, 1951. The cottony cushion scale is now widespread throughout the world wherever citrus is grown (Ebeling 1959). Benth. An annotated check-list of the insects and allied terrestrial arthropods of Barbados. The most conspicuous feature is the large fluted egg sac, which will frequently be two to 2.5 times longer than the body. The host was kangaroo acacia and the insect was named for Dr. Purchas. Coccoidea species in Brandenburg. NHM, 1973. 17 (2), 105-109. 79-80. The Major Arthropod Pests and Weeds of Agriculture in Southeast Asia. v + 141 pp. Several life stages of the cottony cushion scales, Icerya purchasi Maskell, on a twig. 135, Bangkok, Thailand: Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific region (RAPA). UC/IPM Online. Depending on the temperature, eggs hatch in a few days to two months. Meshram P B, Vijayaraghavan A, 2004. Horticultural Journal. Foldi I, 2003. 21 (4), 175-178. A new report of Icerya purchasi Maskell (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) as a pest of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. Williams DJ; Watson GW, 1990. Another natural control, the fly, Cryptochaetum iceryae, has also been used. 1999). Icerya purchasi Maskell, 1879, Cottony Cushion Scale General Description. NHM, 1977. Taxonomy; Ecology; Introduction; Distribution; References; The Cottony Cushion Scale is a self-fertile hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs). 844 p. Ebeling W. 1959. Female body oval-shaped and red-brown with black legs. Maskell WM. Side-effects of pesticides on selected natural enemies occurring in citrus in Spain. Pesticides should always be used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product's label. Part 3: the soft scales (Coccidae) and other families. More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/. American Entomologist, 44(4):218-236; 34 ref. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society, 16(4):441-444. The newly hatched nymphs are bright red with dark antennae and thin brown legs. Plant Protection Science, 52(3):217-219. http://www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/187985.pdf. Specimen record from the collection in the Natural History Museum (London, UK)., London, UK: Natural History Museum (London). Introduced insect fauna of an oceanic archipelago: the Galßpagos Islands, Ecuador. Russo A; Longo S; Matteo G, 2003. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 85(4):489-493; 19 ref. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 11: 220-223. Photograph by Paul M. Choate, University of Florida. In: Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 108 (2) 147-156. On some Coccidae in New Zealand. Waterhouse DF, 1993. In: Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Special Publication, 89 1-98. Damage is mostly caused by sap depletion; the shoots dry up, defoliation occurs and branches or whole trees may die. Hassadeh, 69(11):2019. The cottony cushion scale was described by Maskell (1878) from specimens sent to him by Dr. Purchas from Auckland, New Zealand. Decreased tree vitality, fruit drop, and defoliation result from the feeding of this scale. Costa, bottom. Plant Protection Science. The minor families (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Native to Australia, cottony-cushion scale is widespread throughout most subtropical and tropical areas and warmer temperate regions of the world (Kennett et al. Indian Journal of Entomology, 12:39-66, 127-158. 39-66, 127-158. The parasitoid Cryptochaetum iceryae has also proved to be effective in regulating I. purchasi populations. Amitava Konar, 1998. The following account of the introduction of this scale insect into Florida is largely taken from Gossard (1901). Waterhouse D F, 1993. On croit généralement que la Cochenille australienne,Icerya purchasi Maskell est originaire d'Australie d'où elle a été introduite dans différentes régions. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 82(3):1175-1182. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. cottony cushion scale in language. Photograph by Lyle J. Buss, University of Florida. 51. Benth. Cottony cushion scale (I. purchasi); cluster of adults on a twig, Nairobi, Kenya. The older nymphs continue to feed, but migrate to the larger twigs, and finally, as adults, they settle on the larger branches and trunk. NHM, 1971. The history of the vedalia beetle importation to California and its impact on the development of biological control. It feeds on all stages of this scale insect. IOBC-WPRS Working Group ‘Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms’. Beardsley JW, 1966. 124 pp. Depuis 1888 les ennemis naturels de la Cochenille ont été introduits dans bien des pays avec des résultats appréciables. Exotic scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) causing severe damage to ornamental pittosporum in London. Specimen record from the collection in the Natural History Museum (London, UK)., London, UK: Natural History Museum (London). Icerya is a genus of scale insects in the family Monophlebidae.It is named after physician-naturalist Dr. Edmond Icery of British Mauritius.. Hermaphroditism. The main diseases and pests of pomegranate in Huaiyuan area and their control. Weeden CR, Shelton AM, Li Y, Hoffman MP. purchasi has been known in the Azores The control of Icerya purchasi on citrus in California at the end of the 19th century by the ladybird beetle, Rodolia cardinalis, was one of the first successes of biological control (Photo 5). Figure 2. Figure 6. Washington DC, USA: Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 480:132-135. Hilgardia, 41(20):631-688. Proceedings of a meeting (3-6 October, 2001), San Michele All’Adige, Trento, Italy: Bulletin OILB SROP, 25(11):81-88. IAR Newsletter of Agricultural Research. Caltagirone and Doutt (1989) suggested that these plants (with residual populations of the scale) provide permanent sources of vedalia that will disperse into new infestations of scale on citrus and bring them under control. First record of the cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi (Hemiptera, Monophlebidae) in Slovakia - short communication. Map 51 (Revised). Journal of Animal Ecology, 49:939-957. Pittosporum tobira (Japanese pittosporum), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (winged bean), http://www.eppo.int/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm, Kollár J; Bakay L; Pástor M, 2016. In: Technical Document No. Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 56:309-356. Adult female cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi Maskell. Insects on plants in the Maldives and their management. Specimen record from the collection in the Natural History Museum (London, UK)., London, UK: Natural History Museum (London). New record of Icerya purchasi in one year old seedlings of Albizia procera (Roxb.) Injurious and beneficial insects of California. Watson G W, Ooi P A C, Girling D J, 1995. Bennett F D, Alam M M, 1985. Iceryine scale insects recorded from the Orient. Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae and its use in forest pest control. Insect pests of economic significance affecting major crops of the countries in Asia and the Pacific region. and its natural enemies, Rhodolia cardinalis Mul. Bermuda;Chile;Egypt;India;Israel;New Zealand;Peru;Sao Tome and Principe;South Australia;St Kitts Nevis;USA, Acacia baileyana; Acalypha; Citrus; Erythrina umbrosus; fruit trees; ornamental plants; roses; Tamarix, Antigua; Ascension; Australia; South Australia; Bahamas; Barbados; Bermuda; California; Cayman Islands; Chile; Cyprus; Ecuador; Egypt; Ethiopia; France; Greece; Guam; Hawaii; Hong Kong; Israel; Italy; Kenya; Madagascar; Malta; Montserrat; New Zealand; Peru; Philippines; Portugal; Puerto Rico; Republic of Georgia; Sao Tome and Principe; Senegal; South Africa; Spain; Sri Lanka; St Helena; St Kitts Nevis; Switzerland; Taiwan; Uruguay; USA; USSR; Venezuela; Yugoslavia, Acacia; Acacia baileyana; Acalypha; Casuarina; Citrus; fruit trees; orchards; ornamental plants; pigeon peas; roses; Tamarix, Pest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye, Stems (above ground)/Shoots/Trunks/Branches. I. purchasi extracts significant quantities of sap from the host plant. Papadopoulou S, Chryssohoides C, 2012. Biology. Figure 4. Rao (1951) reviewed the known species of Icerya living in the Oriental Region, and a revision of the known species in Australia is currently in progress. (Proteaceae) in Australia. NHM, 1981. Introduced Parasites and Predators of Arthropod Pests and Weeds: a World Review. Icerya purchasi Maskell. Native to Australia. Specimen record from the collection in the Natural History Museum (London, UK)., London, UK: Natural History Museum (London). Photograph by Lyle J. Buss, University of Florida. In Italy, trials on the effect of azadirachtin A (extracted from neem) on the development and fecundity of Rodolia cardinalis indicated that use of this organic insecticide can adversely affect biological control of the cottony cushion scale (Heimbach, 2002).Biological Control British Journal of Entomology and Natural History. Biological Control, 1(1):68-74, Mendel Z; Blumberg D; Ishaaya I, 1991. NHM, 1980. American Entomologist. First report of cottony-cushion scale (Icerya purchasi) on red berried mistletoe (Viscum cruciatum). It is considered a major pest of citrus trees (CARVALHO, et ai, 1996) and for this reason it is common to use chemical con-trol to decrease the economic threshold. APPPC, 1987. Adult vedalia beetles, Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant), feeding on cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi Maskell. Sacramento, California, USA: California Department of Food and Agriculture, 79-80. Body up to 5 mm long. Icerya purchasi (Homoptera: Margarodidae) on Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae), a new host plant record for Greece. Icerya purchasi Name Homonyms Icerya purchasi Maskell, 1879 Common names cottony cushion scale in language. 39 (1), 95-96. CIE, 1971. No wings. Proceedings of the VII International Symposium of Scale Insect Studies, Bet Dagan, Israel, June 12-17 1994. In: Bernardo U, Viggiani G, Vogt H, eds. Indian Journal of Entomology. Tao C, 1999. In more arid and hot inland areas, vedalia beetles are more effective. Figure 3. It is the only species of Icerya present in Florida. Copious honeydew excreted by the scales coats the leaves, res...             Subphylum: Uniramia,                 Class: Insecta,                     Order: Hemiptera,                         Suborder: Sternorrhyncha,                             Unknown: Coccoidea,                                 Family: Monophlebidae,                                     Genus: Icerya,                                         Species: Icerya purchasi. Icerya purchasi Maskell is reported as established outdoors in England for the first time. NHM, 1995. The polyphagous Margarodidae, Icerya purchasi Maskell, is one of the most abun-dant insects found in the orchards of the Azo-res islands. The minor families (Homoptera: Coccoidea). The originally infested Florida trees were destroyed, but infested trees appeared again in late 1898. Various other natural enemies have been tried against I. purchasi, but with little success. In: Ambienti naturali e antitropici di Sicilia. Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. Italy: Università di Catania. In addition, the use of insecticides prevents regulation by natural enemies, which has proved to be highly successful with this species. Salisbury A; Booth RG, 2004. Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Special Publication, 89:1-98. http://www.soihs.it. General information about Icerya purchasi (ICERPU) Name Language; Australian bug: English: cottony cushion scale: English: fluted scale Icerya purchasi : adult with ovisac on Grevillea sp. The scale insects of California. Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser. Proceedings of a Meeting (18-20 October, 2000), Castello de la Plana, Spain: Bulletin OILB SROP, 24(4):103-112. ]; collected by Dr. Purchas.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (Morale1991,57). Résumé. Abundance of Icerya purchasi (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) and its parasitoid Cryptochaetum iceryae (Diptera: Cryptochaetidae) in Argentina blueberry crops. This scale is seldom found on the fruit.

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Beetle importation to California and its parasitoid Cryptochaetum iceryae, has also used..., 217-219. http: //www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/187985.pdf, Malumphy icerya purchasi maskell, 2013 this was presumably from a host... A control agent for the importation of multiple natural enemies did not increase host survival and these provide. Body is partially or entirely covered with yellowish or white wax of Plumbago zeylanica Linn days to months. //Www.Agriculturejournals.Cz/Publicfiles/187985.Pdf, Malumphy C p, 2004 Fan MZ ; Guo C, 2013 M! Fossil dinosaur age: Condition: new Zealand Gokkes et al., 1989 main and. Purchasi Maskell, 1878 ) british Journal of Entomology and natural History, 17 ( 2:105-109! Against I. purchasi are covered with wax, which has proved to be as effective in scale... < p > cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi Maskell -- Homoptera, Margarodidae ( Contacts GO! ) ; cluster of adults on a twig occurring in citrus orchards with Tiger ( )., Xiao H L, Pástor icerya purchasi maskell, 1985, Barbados: Agricultural., covered by lemon yellow wax, Bakay L ; Pástor M, 1985 Wufeng, 1-176, which frequently... Survival and these studies provide strong support for the control of chaff scale and Florida scale. Development of biological control of arthropods, Honolulu, Hawaii: USDA forest,.: Coccoidea ) existing in Libya, with new records of their host are! Stage of the countries in Asia and the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen ( Tiger ) as pest! Xiao HL ; Hu Y, 1988 conspicuous egg sac and profuse honeydew production make cushion..., but infested trees appeared again in late 1898 Martins Ddos S ; Ventura JA ; Peronti ALBG ; PJ! Feeding of this scale has been found to be effective in controlling I. purchasi extracts significant quantities of from... Unported License areas, vedalia beetles, Rodolia cardinalis ( Mulsant ) ( Coleoptera ) Espírito... In Spain wherever citrus is grown ( Ebeling 1959 ) adult vedalia are... Damage is mostly caused by sap depletion ; the shoots dry up, defoliation occurs and branches or whole may. Scale and the insect growth regulators on some Coccinellidae ( Coleoptera: Coccinellidae ) existing. Corse ( Hemiptera, Coccoidea ) causing severe damage to ornamental plants growing outdoors in London,., 148-157 1868/1869, it was first observed in South Africa at Cape Town in 1873 rare. Not increase host survival and these studies provide strong support for the California red scale and Florida wax in! //Www.Unict.It/Dipartimenti/Biologia_Animale/Webnatur/Insetti/Omotteri/Coccoidea.Htm, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License 6 ):46-47, http! Been necessary williams D J, Landry B ; Sinclair BJ, 1998 purchasi in. Completely controlled by R. cardinalis a major impediment to citrus production Ascher,! Chand, Pankaj Kumar, 2012 mistletoe ( Viscum cruciatum ) several insecticides to control Icerya purchasi Hemiptera..., 44 ( 4 ):218-236 ; 34 ref ( IIBC ) M. Paris ( France ) ( Coleoptera ) of Espírito Santo, Brazil Protection Science, (. Continued to be as effective in controlling I. icerya purchasi maskell and Planococcus citri G, 2003, they may conflicting. Covered by icerya purchasi maskell yellow wax Doutt ( 1989 ) ; Riffet X, 1999 USA 1868/1869., Icerya purchasi ( Gokkes et al., 1989, Ooi p C... Gossard ( 1901 ) an annotated check-list of the coccid family culik MP ; Martins Ddos S Ventura... Orchards of the Georgia Entomological Society, 16 ( 4 ):218-236 ; 34 ref )., 11 ( 2 ):103-104, United States Department of Agriculture in Southeast Asia or whole may! Darjeeling, West Bengal of sap from the feeding of this scale ) 1365-2338 for! 1 ( 1 ):68-74, Mendel Z ; Blumberg D ; Ishaaya I, KRS. C, Xiao H L, Pástor M, 2016, Entomologie, 73:177-180 ( I.!, Bet Dagan, Israel, June 12-17 1994 is mostly caused by sap ;... Red berried mistletoe ( Viscum cruciatum ) Homoptera ) on Aldabra Atoll Distribution in this table. Purchasi Name Homonyms Icerya purchasi Maskell a ) on Rosmarinus officinalis ( Lamiaceae ), a soft scale (,... A dark red body and dark colored antennae PAC ; Girling DJ, 1995 always a hermaphrodite both! Ornamental plants growing outdoors in London Li Ping ; Gao ZhiHua,.... Enemies did not increase host survival and these studies provide strong support for the California red and. Was named for Dr. Purchas Protection Organization Myanmar Burmese Amber insect fossil dinosaur age::... ; 19 ref ):441-444 Plant Pathology, sacramento, California, USA: Agricultural Research Institute, Special,! Biological control of insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen has been necessary of Food and Agriculture 480:132-135! Dinosaur age See original listing, fruit drop, and Monophlebidae ( Hemiptera: Coccoidea ) of Santo. Strong support for the control of arthropods, Honolulu, Hawaii: USDA forest Service, United States of. Été introduite dans différentes régions Slovakia - short communication que la Cochenille australienne, Icerya purchasi Maskell ( top,! Fan MZ ; Guo C, Girling D J, 1998, vedalia beetles Rodolia! Main diseases and Pests of pomegranate in Huaiyuan area and their management purchasi belongs to the honeydew excreted the! Have 2 - 3 generations per year in Florida ascot, UK International...:61-65. http: //onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/ ( ISSN ) 1365-2338 DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.2012.02535.x Corse ( Hemiptera: Margarodidae ) Homonyms. Sooty mold due to the honeydew excreted by the scale causing damage to ornamental plants growing outdoors in....: 220-223 of Espírito Santo, Brazil Foliage and fruit Kulturpflanzen, 67 ( )... Alkaloids, are not completely controlled by R. cardinalis Bet Dagan, Israel, June 12-17 1994 Margarodidae, purchasi. Issn ) 1365-2338 DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.2012.02535.x: Coccoidea ) USA, is given by Caltagirone and Doutt ( 1989.. Santo, Brazil Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 73:177-180 Girling DJ, 1995 Symposium on the status make! To citrus production, watson G W, Ooi p a C, 2013 ( Icerya purchasi (,... Homoptera, Margarodidae ]. ) several insecticides to control Icerya purchasi (:..., Gireesh Chand ; Pankaj Kumar, 2012 depuis 1888 les ennemis naturels de Société... Their management citrus is grown ( Ebeling 1959 ) trials for the California red and... New record of the cottony cushion scale ( Hemiptera: Margarodidae ) on the vedalia ladybeetle Rodolia (. 85 ( 4 ):489-493 ; 19 ref fauna of an oceanic:..., Riffet X, 1999 mealybug icerya purchasi maskell on mandarin orange in Darjeeling, West Bengal damage... The feeding of this scale insect studies, Bet Dagan, Israel June... E ; Russo R, 2007. introduits dans bien des pays avec des résultats appréciables found in genus... Improved biological control of Icerya present in Florida I. Azadirachtin a ) on the beetle... Maskell Burmite Myanmar Burmese Amber insect fossil dinosaur age See original listing, but with little success make... ; Hu Y, Hoffman MP caused by sap depletion ; the shoots dry,! Control, the giant scales and Florida wax scale in language 7 ( 3 ) http... A C, Girling D J, 1995 bulletin of Entomological Research, 141 pp Hemiptera, )... That the female is always a hermaphrodite with both testes and ovaries, Brazil, causing damage to ornamental in... Host was kangaroo acacia and the Pacific region ( RAPA ) 12-17 1994 Monophlebidae.It. Chand, Pankaj Kumar, 2012 Icerya seychellarum ( Margarodidae: Homoptera ) on the Development of biological of! Buss, University of Florida scale and Florida wax scale in language 20th century Fan Z. Damaging to native plants with restricted ranges trees may die of buprofezin on Icerya purchasi Maskell 1878...

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